ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022. It currently uses GPT-5, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT), to generate text, speech, and images in response to user prompts. It can also be fine-tuned for specific use cases such as legal documents or medical records, where the model is trained on domain-specific data. ChatGPT is powered by a large language model made up of neural networks trained on a massive amount of information from the internet, including Wikipedia articles and research papers.

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This tool allows a user to customize ChatGPT’s behavior for a specific use case. Users interact with ChatGPT through conversations which consist of text, audio, and image inputs and outputs. OpenAI collects data from ChatGPT users to further train and fine-tune its services.

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The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In the case of supervised learning, the trainers acted as both the user and the AI assistant. In the reinforcement learning stage, human trainers first ranked responses generated by the model in previous conversations. Despite its acclaim, the chatbot has been criticized for its limitations and potential for unethical use.

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• In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers.

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• In March 2025, OpenAI updated ChatGPT to generate images using GPT-4o instead of DALL-E.
• That’s one reason why it sometimes “hallucinates” or generates confident-sounding but incorrect information.
• However, it was labeled underwhelming by some users due its performance shortly after its release.

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• While users cannot checkout inside ChatGPT, they are redirected to the merchant’s website when they click on the link.

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• This has led to concern over the rise of what has come to be called “synthetic media” and “AI slop” which are generated by AI and rapidly spread over social media and the internet.

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How does ChatGPT work?

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot capable of having conversations with people and generating unique, human-like text responses. This includes text-to-image models such as Stable Diffusion and large language models such as ChatGPT. As of 2023, there were several pending U.S. lawsuits challenging the use of copyrighted data to train AI models, with defendants arguing that this falls under fair use.
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• ChatGPT’s training data only covers a period up to the cut-off date, so it lacks knowledge of recent events.

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• So far, users can make single-item purchases from domestic sellers on online marketplace Etsy, as well as some merchants on Shopify’s e-commerce platform.

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• […] It’s also a way to understand the “hallucinations”, or nonsensical answers to factual questions, to which large language models such as ChatGPT are all too prone.
• OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said that users were unable to see the contents of the conversations.
• ChatGPT is based on GPT foundation models that have been fine-tuned for conversational assistance.

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• It is designed to generate human-like text and can carry out a wide variety of tasks.

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• AI agents represent stage three of AGI, enhancing ChatGPT’s reasoning abilities and enabling it to complete a broader range of tasks without human assistance.

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• As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work.

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• Geoffrey Hinton, one of the “fathers of AI”, voiced concerns that future AI systems may surpass human intelligence.
• GPT-4o is the most advanced version accessible to everyone, handling text, images and audio as input and output.

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• By January 2023, ChatGPT had become the fastest-growing consumer software application in history, gaining over 100 million users in two months.

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• It was controlling a software environment inside a virtual machine with limited internet connectivity and with safety restrictions.

It was trained on massive amounts of data from books and the internet — websites, Wikipedia, Reddit threads, news sites and much, much more. Some, including Nature and JAMA Network, “require that authors disclose the use of text-generating tools and ban listing a large language model (LLM) such as ChatGPT as a co-author”. As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work.
The laborers were exposed to toxic and traumatic content; one worker described the assignment as “torture”. OpenAI’s outsourcing partner was Sama, a training-data company based in San Francisco, California. Similar to a phone’s auto-complete feature, ChatGPT uses a prediction model to guess the most likely next word based on the context it has been provided. ChatGPT Team lets companies create shared workspaces with settings that apply to all users, as well as the ability to share proprietary data sets. It is now available to both paying and non-paying ChatGPT users, with usage limitations of course.
Through the partnership, ChatGPT users will be able to find products sold by Walmart and complete entire purchases without leaving the chatbot’s interface. The company also partnered with PayPal, one of the largest payment processing services in the world, to let users pay for their shopping directly within ChatGPT. In August 2025, OpenAI released GPT-5, its fastest and smartest model to date, and the current language model for ChatGPT.

GPT-5 vs. GPT 4o

OpenAI has attempted to address these issues with enhanced data protection measures. Your prompts (on Free, Plus and Pro plans) may be used to train the model unless you opt out in settings. In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers. It was controlling a software environment inside a virtual machine with limited internet connectivity and with safety restrictions. The integration used ChatGPT to write prompts for DALL-E guided by conversations with users. In March 2025, OpenAI updated ChatGPT to generate images using GPT-4o instead of DALL-E.
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However, it was labeled underwhelming by some users due its performance shortly after its release. Teachers are concerned that students will use it to cheat, prompting some schools to completely block access to it. This is used to not only help the model determine the best output, but it also helps improve the training process, enabling it to answer questions more effectively. Here’s how it works, its use cases, how to access it, its limitations, notable updates and future outlook. ChatGPT is becoming a default interface for how people interact with AI and even how they get information from the internet.
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ChatGPT also provided an outline of how human reviewers are trained to reduce inappropriate content and to attempt to provide political information without affiliating with any political position. GPT-5 was launched on August 7, 2025, and is publicly accessible through ChatGPT, VipKing casino Microsoft Copilot, and via OpenAI’s API. In March 2023, a bug allowed some users to see the titles of other users’ conversations. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said that users were unable to see the contents of the conversations. ChatGPT’s training data only covers a period up to the cut-off date, so it lacks knowledge of recent events.